This study explores the strategic challenges facing modern procurement in an increasingly complex and dynamic global environment. Adopting a systematic literature review methodology grounded in the PRISMA protocol, the research examines key themes such as resilience, digital transformation, sustainability, and regulatory compliance. Drawing from seven peer-reviewed studies, the findings highlight three dominant strategic pillars: technological integration, ESG-driven practices, and risk mitigation. In addition, the study identifies persistent barriers, including fragmented infrastructures, insufficient transparency, and difficulty aligning long-term sustainability with short-term performance pressures. The analysis further reveals gaps in the literature, notably the underrepresentation of SMEs and the lack of longitudinal studies. The discussion connects these insights to contemporary academic discourse, proposing future research directions such as circular procurement, real-time analytics, and interdisciplinary models. Overall, the study contributes to both theory and practice by offering a synthesized view of procurement's evolving role and by outlining actionable paths for strategic advancement in the field.