The increased carbon footprint of logistics operations has forced regulators to introduce strict directives and governments to promote green transition in this field. On top of these, consumer preferences have progressively changed by opting for products and materials that have low environmental impact. This thesis employs the method of narrative literature review to explore the concept of green logistics, its core functions and practices along with the barriers it faces.
Specifically, its findings reveal that the green transformation of logistics leads to considerable long-term cost-savings, faster adoption of innovative systems, access to green finance instruments, strong brand identity and differentiation from competitors that employ conventional methods, materials and fuels. In spite of these benefits, green logistics faces several barriers, such as the large cost related to building the required infrastructure and integrating sophisticated digital tools. In addition, green logistics implementation is hindered by a fragmented regulatory landscape and insufficient state support. Regarding the technologies that facilitate the adoption of green logistics, the study outlines the amplifying effect of various tools such as Internet of Things (IoT), AI, big data and blockchain. It also presents the case of electric vehicles (EVs) along with the use of alternative fuels. In parallel, collective initiatives that support green transition such as EGD and the concept of circular economy (CE) are described.
The case of DHL company reveals that substantial investment in advanced technologies, pushing for ESG principles adoption, along with strict performance evaluation are fundamental requirements for a successful implementation of green logistics. However, its decarbonization program depends on credits exchange schemes, while more methodological clarity is needed.
In this context, the study submits various proposals to stakeholders, such as key performance indicators (KPIs) standardization, regulatory harmonization, flexible funding policies, enhanced collaboration and extensive investment in infrastructure. Finally, this research presents several proposals for future research, such as concrete strategies to overcome barriers, evaluation of state support programs, analysis of long-term impact of adopted technologies and the effect on HR policies.