This thesis dealed with the exploration of parenting of the Greek Roma mothers in early and middle childhood through the lens of Developmental Niche (DN). The Greek Roma population is considered as a vulnerable social group, experiencing significant material deprivation, high unemployment, inadequate education, and marginalisation due to racism and discrimination. The study explored the physical and social environment of Greek Roma children, the activities in their daily lives, the Greek Roma mothers’ ethnotheories in terms of future aspirations and the image of an adaptive adult, as well as their home and school-based involvement and their experience of parental stress. A convergent type of mixed methods design with a focus on the qualitative study was used. The data came from a semi-structured questionnaire that was filled by 202 Greek Roma parents and 27 in-depth interviews with Greek Roma mothers living in the broader Athens metropolitan area. The findings revealed high levels of poverty in Greek Roma families. The Greek Roma parents had medium to high educational aspirations and viewed education as vehicles to upward social mobility and improvement of living standards. Both the qualitative and quantitative studies showed Greek Roma parents’ home and school-based involvement was low. Further analysis showed that different factors affected the performance of learning activities in the home for each age group. Also, the unique role of social support in the parenting of Greek Roma was revealed. The qualitative findings showed that the main source of stress was lack of financial resources. Finally, the results confirmed that the three subsystems of DN influence each other and that different aspects of each subsystem can have a direct or indirect effect on a different aspect of another subsystem. Practitioners and policymakers should take this information into account when developing culturally appropriate parental and educational interventions for the Greek Roma community.